Kecewa Paket Smartfren

Paket Smartfren Januari 2014 sangat mengecewakan, dari harga Rp. 100.000 mendapat 5 GB + bonus 12 GB pada jam 01.00 - 06.59 quota yang 12 GB hilang entah kemana, komplain katanya quota masih ada kemudian kami cek ternyata ada, setelah 2 hari kami cek kembali quota itu hilang lagi entah kemana komplain lagi nggak ada respon.
Smartfren memang jago dalam menipu pelanggan dengan akses yang nggak stabil dan kuota yang tidak sesuai dengan paket yang dibeli.
Setelah kami cek di web smartfren.com ternyata paket yang saya beli sudah tidak ada lagi.
Masih mau beli smartfren ... ?
pikir lagi atau anda akan marah yang tidak tepat sasaran, kerabat atau teman anda akan menjadi objek kesal pada smartfren.

Semoga bermanfaat ...

read more

The Female Brain

“More than ninety-nine percent  of male and female  genetic  coding  is exactly the same. Out of the 30,000 genes in the human  genome, the variation between the sexes is small. But those few differences  influence every single cell in our bodies—from the nerves that register pleasure and pain to the neurons that transmit perception, thoughts,  feelings and emotions.”
“Just as women have an eight-lane  superhighway for processing  emotion while men  have a small country  road, men  have Chicago’s O’Hare Airport as a hub for processing  thoughts  about sex whereas  women have the airfield nearby that lands small and private planes. That probably  explains  why  eighty-five percent  of twenty-  to thirty-year-old  males think about sex every fifty two seconds  and women think about it once  a day—or up to every three or four hours on their most fertile days. This makes  for interesting interactions between
the sexes.”

Louann Brizendine

As a medical student,  Louann  Brizendine was aware  of conclusive stud- ies done around the world  showing  that  women  suffer from depression at a ratio  of 2:1 compared to men. Going through college at the peak of the feminist movement,  along with many others  she believed this was the result of the “patriarchal oppression of women.” But it came to her notice that,  up until puberty, depression  rates between  boys and girls are the same. Could  the hormonal changes to girls in their early teenage years, she won- dered, make them suddenly  more prone  to getting depressed?
Later, as a psychiatrist, Brizendine worked  with women  suffering from the extremes  of premenstrual syndrome,  and was struck  by the extent  to which the female brain  is shaped  by dramatic changes in hormonal chemistry,  driving a woman’s  behavior  and creating  her reality. In 1994,  Brizendine established the Women’s Mood  and Hormone Clinic in San Francisco,  one of the first of its type in the world.  The Female Brain, the culmination of her 20 years of practice  as a neuropsychiatrist, pulls together  her own research  and the latest findings from a range of disciplines. Contrasting the relative stability  of male hormonal brain  states with those of the female, which involve an often com- plex cocktail  of chemicals and change dramatically from girlhood  to adoles- cence, early adulthood, motherhood, and menopause, the book  brilliantly shows why women’s brain  states and chemistry  merit independent research, and why generalities  about  human  behavior  usually relate to male behavior.
The Female Brain includes fascinating  chapters  on the female brain  in love, the neurobiology of sex, the “mommy brain” (how a woman’s  thinking changes according  to altered  brain  chemistry  in pregnancy), and the mature female brain,  post-menopause. We focus here on some of Brizendine’s insights regarding  the infant  and pubescent  female brain.

Basic differences
Even taking  into account  differences in body size, Brizendine notes, the male brain  is about  9 percent  larger than  the female. This fact was once interpreted as meaning  that  women  were not as smart  as men. In fact, women  and men have the same number  of brain  cells, but women’s are more tightly packed into their skull.
In the areas of the brain  dealing with language  and hearing,  women  have a full 11 percent  more neurons  than  men, and the part  of the brain  associated with memory,  the hippocampus, is also larger in women.  The circuitry  for observing  emotion  on other  people’s faces is again larger compared to the male. In relation  to speech, emotional intelligence,  and the ability to store rich memory,  therefore,  women  have a natural advantage.
Men, on the other  hand,  have more processors  in the amygdala,  a part  of the brain  regulating  fear and aggression.  This perhaps  explains  why males are more likely to anger quickly and take violent action  in response  to immediate physical danger.  Women’s brains  also evolved to deal with possibly life- threatening situations, but in a different  way. The female brain  experiences greater  stress over the same event as a man’s, and this stress is a way of taking account  of all possible risks to her children  or family unit. This is why, Brizendine suggests, a modern  woman  can view some unpaid  bills as catas- trophic, as they seem a threat  to the family’s very survival.
Brain scanning  and imaging technologies  now allow us to see the work- ings of the brain  in real time. They show the brain  lighting up in different places depending  on whether  we are in love, looking  at faces, solving a prob- lem, speaking,  or experiencing  anxiety,  and these hot spots differ between men’s and women’s brains.  Women  actually  use different  parts  of the brain and different  circuits than  men to accomplish  the same tasks, including  solving problems,  processing  language,  and generally experiencing  the world.
One other  basic brain  difference is noteworthy. Studies have shown  that men think  about  sex on average every 52 seconds, while for women it is once a day. As the part  of the brain  where sexual thought and behavior  is generated is two and a half times larger in the male, this is not surprising.

The baby  female brain
Until they are eight weeks old, the brains  of male and female foetuses look the same—“female is nature’s  default  setting,” Brizendine observes. At about  eight weeks, a male foetus’s brain  is flooded with testosterone, which kills off the cells relating  to communication and helps to grow cells relating  to sex and aggression.  Biochemically,  the male brain  is then significantly different  from a female one, and by the time the first half of the pregnancy  is over, the differ- ences between  male and female brains  are mostly set.
A female baby comes into the world  wired to notice faces and hear vocal tones better.  In the first three months  of her life a baby girl’s abilities at “mutual gazing”  and eye contact  grow by 400 percent.  In the same period, these abilities do not grow at all in boys.
It is well known  that  girls usually begin speaking  some time before boys, thanks  to the better-developed language  circuitry  of their brains.  This contin- ues into adulthood, with women  speaking  on average 20,000 words  a day and men averaging  only around 7,000.  (As Brizendine remarks, this higher ability “wasn’t  always appreciated,” with some cultures  locking up a woman  or putting  a clamp on her tongue  to stop the chatter.)

One other  important difference in infancy is that  baby girls are more sen- sitive to the state of their mother’s  nervous  system. It is important that  infant girls do not have mothers  who are stressed out, as when the girl grows up to have children  of her own her ability to be nurturing will be reduced.  However, armed  with this knowledge,  it is possible to break  the cycle of mother–infant stress.

The teen  girl’s brain
At puberty, a girl’s thinking  and behavior  change according  to the fluctuating levels of estrogen  (one of the “feel-good” hormones), progesterone (“the brain’s valium”), and cortisol  (the stress hormone) in her brain.  Other  impor- tant  hormones produced are oxytocin  (which makes us want  to bond,  love, and connect  with others)  and dopamine (which stimulates  the brain’s pleasure centers).
The effect of these chemicals is to give a teenage girl a great need for and pleasure  in gossiping, shopping,  exchanging  secrets, and experimenting with clothing  and hair styles—anything that  involves connecting  and communicat- ing. Teenage girls are always on the phone  because they actually  need to com- municate  to reduce their stress levels. Their squeals of delight at seeing friends, and the corresponding panic at being grounded, are also part  of these changes. The dopamine and oxytocin  rush that  girls experience  is “the
biggest, fattest  neurological  reward  you can get outside  of an orgasm,” Brizendine remarks.
Why exactly does the loss of a friendship  feel so catastrophic to a teen girl, and why is her social group  so important to her? Physiologically she is reaching  the optimum age for child rearing,  and in evolutionary terms she knows  that  a close-knit  group  is good protection, since if she has a small child with her she is not able to attack  or run away as a man can. (The concept  of “fight or flight” in response  to danger  is an observation of men rather  than women.)  Close social bonds  actually  alter the female brain  in a highly positive way, so that  any loss of those relationships triggers a hormonal change that strengthens the feelings of abandonment or loss. The intensity  of female pubescent  friendships  therefore  also has a biochemical  basis.
The teenage girl’s confidence and ability to deal with stress also change according  to the time of the month,  and Brizendine has treated  many “prob- lem” girls who experience  higher than  average hormonal changes. The most brash  and aggressive girls often have high levels of androgens, the hormones associated  with aggression.  At normal  levels, fluctuations in androgens can cause a girl to be more focused on power,  whether  within  the peer group  or over boys.
Incidentally,  why do teenage boys often become brooding and monosyllabic?  The testosterone that  marinates their brains  not only drives them to “compelling  masturbatory frenzies,”  but also reduces their wish to talk or socialize if it does not involve girls or sport.
Overall,  in the teen years the differing hormonal effects on the brain cause males and females to go off in different  directions—boys gain self-esteem through independence from others,  while females gain it through the closeness of their social bonds.

Final comments
Brizendine began her career in psychiatric  work  and later moved to neurology. This perspective  has made her less willing to speculate  on psychological  or sociological ideas that  have little to do with how the brain  actually  works; though  clearly a feminist, she warns  that political  correctness  has no role in understanding behavior. Yes, we may be able to alter our cultural  attitudes or policies to make a better  world,  but first we must understand the facts about how brain  biology—so  different  between  men and women—shapes behavior.
Brizendine weighs into the debate  sparked  by Harvard University president Lawrence Summers, who said that  the differences in achievement  between men and women  in mathematics and the sciences was due to natural brain  differ- ences between the sexes. She notes that  until puberty, boys and girls are exactly the same in mathematical or scientific achievement.  However,  the testosterone that  floods the male brain  makes boys extremely competitive  but also more willing to spend many hours  studying  alone or working  on their computers. With the teenage girl’s flood of estrogen,  in contrast, a female becomes a lot more interested  in social bonding  and her emotional life, and as a consequence is unlikely to sit for hours  alone pondering mathematical puzzles or battling  to top the class. Even as adults  women  are compelled  by their brain  chemistry  to want  to communicate and connect,  and this favors them less for the sort of solitary  work  often required  by mathematical, scientific, or engineering careers. Brizendine’s theory in a nutshell:  It is not lack of aptitude that  makes women stay out of these fields, but brain-driven attitudes to the work  involved.
Yet Brizendine says, “Biology powerfully  affects, but does not lock in our reality.”  That  is, if we know  about  the physiological  or genetic forces that shape us, we are able to take account  of them. The availability  of estrogen  in pill form and the fact that  we can replace hormones (The Female Brain includes a long appendix on hormone replacement therapy)  means that
women  can now have more control  over their daily experience  of reality; per- haps such treatments will end up having as great an impact  on women’s lives and destinies as the contraceptive pill did.
Subtracting the copious  appendices  and notes, The Female Brain is only 200 pages long. As an enjoyable and often witty popular synthesis of the latest research  on the subject, it is likely to be read for many years to come. With many additional insights into the male brain,  this is a book  for everyone.

Louann Brizendine
Brizendine’s first degree was in neurobiology from  the University  of California, Berkeley  (1972–6),  followed by medicine  at Yale University,  and psychiatry  at Harvard  Medical School (1982–5).
After  a stint teaching at Harvard,  in 1988  she accepted a post at the Langley  Porter Psychiatric Institute at the University  of California, San Francisco, where in 1994  her Women’s Mood  and Hormone Clinic was estab- lished. She continues  to combine  research work  with  clinical practice and teaching, focusing  on the effects on mood,  energy, sexual function, and hormonal influences on the brain.

read more

Gifts Differing

“[We] cannot  safely assume  that other people’s  minds  work on the same principles  as our own.  All too often, others with whom we come  in contact  do not reason as we reason, or do not value the things we value, or are not inter-
ested in what interests us.”
“Well-developed introverts can deal ably with the world around them  when necessary,  but they do their best work inside their heads, in reflection.
Similarly well-developed extraverts can deal effectively with ideas, but they do their best work externally,  in action. For both kinds, the natural preference remains, like right- or left-handedness.”

Isabel Briggs Myers

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a test for gauging personality type that  has been around since the 1940s.  It helped lay the foundations of the psychometric testing methods  that  employers  use today. The test’s origins are somewhat interesting.  The story goes that  one Christmas vacation,  Isabel Briggs brought home a boyfriend,  Clarence  Myers. Though  Isabel’s parents  liked the young man, her mother  Katherine  noted  that he was different  to the family. Katherine  became interested  in the idea of cate- gorizing people according  to personality type, and through reading  auto- biographies developed  a basic typology  of “meditative types,”  “spontaneous types,”  “executive  types,”  and “sociable  types.”  She discovered  Carl Jung’s book Psychological  Types  and it became the theoretical foundation for a life- time’s work,  later taken  up by her daughter (who became Isabel Briggs Myers).
Though  Isabel never studied  psychology formally,  the head of a local bank enabled  her to learn about  statistics  and personnel  tests, and the first forms of her Type Indicator were created  in 1944.  Briggs Myers persuaded school principals  in Pennsylvania  to get the test taken  by thousands of stu- dents, and also by medical and nursing  students.  A private  educational testing firm heard  about  the Indicator and published  it in 1957,  but it did not go into wide public use until the 1970s.  Since then, the MBTI has been administered to millions of people, mostly for job compatibility purposes  but also in rela- tion to teaching,  marriage  counseling,  and personal  development. The test has been refined over the decades, but Katherine  Briggs’ original  intention of dis- covering “why  people are how they are”  remains  its inspiration.
Gifts  Differing: Understanding Personality Type  is Isabel Briggs Myers’ personal  explanation of her work,  written  with the assistance  of her son Peter Briggs Myers and completed  shortly  before her death.  If you are interested  in the ideas behind  personality typology,  this is a key book  to read.
When you do the actual  MBTI test (consisting  of yes or no questions) your personality preferences are expressed  in a four-letter code, for example ISTJ or ESFP. Below is a summary  of some of the key distinctions between  the
16 types, and how this knowledge  can be applied  in practice.

Ways of perceiving: Sensing or intuiting
In Psychological  Types,  Jung suggested two contrasting ways in which people saw the world.  Some people can appreciate reality only through their five senses (“sensing” types), while others  wait for internal  confirmation of what  is true or real, relying on their unconscious. These are the “intuitive” types.
People who use the sensing mode are engrossed  in what  is around them, look only for facts, and find it less interesting  to deal with ideas or abstrac- tions.   Intuitive  people like to dwell in the unseen world  of ideas and possibili- ties, distrustful of physical reality. Whatever  mode people enjoy using and trust most, they tend to employ from an early age and refine over a lifetime.

Ways of judging:  Thinking or feeling
In the Jung/Briggs Myers understanding, people choose between  two ways of coming to conclusions  or judgments:  by thinking,  using an impersonal process of logic; and by feeling, deciding what  something  means to them.
People stick to their preferred  method.  Trusting  their own way, the thinkers  consider  the feelers as irrational and subjective. The feelers wonder how the thinkers  can possibly be objective about  the things that  matter  to them—how can they be so cold and impersonal?
Generally,  a child who prefers the feeling mode is likely to become some- one good at interpersonal relations,  while a child who prefers the thinking mode will become good at collating,  using, and organizing  facts and ideas.

The four preferences
These orientations of Sensing (S), Intuition (N), Thinking  (T), and Feeling (F) form four basic preferences that  produce  certain  values, needs, habits,  and traits.  They are:

ST—Sensing plus Thinking SF—Sensing plus Feeling NF—Intuition plus Feeling NT—Intuition plus Thinking

ST people like to proceed  only on the basis of facts that  their senses can verify. Practical  minded,  their best work  is done in fields that  require  impersonal analysis such as surgery, law, accounting, and working  with machinery.
SF people also rely on their senses, but the conclusions  they make are more based on how they feel about  the facts rather  than  cold analysis of them. They are “people  people”  and tend to be found  in fields where they can
express personal  warmth, such as nursing,  teaching,  social work,  selling, and
“service-with-a-smile” jobs.
NF people also tend to be warm and friendly, but instead  of focusing on the situation or the facts at hand,  are more interested  in how things might be
changed or future possibilities.  They like work that  utilizes their gift for commu- nication  combined  with their need to make things better,  such as higher-level teaching,  preaching,  advertising,  counseling  or psychology, writing,  and research.
NT people are also focused on possibilities,  but draw  on their powers  of rational analysis to achieve outcomes.  They are likely to be found  in profes- sions that  require  ingenious solving of problems,  particularly of a technical nature, such as science, computing, mathematics, or finance.

Extraversion  and introversion
A preference  for extraversion (seeing life in terms of the external  world)  or introversion (greater  interest  in the inner world  of ideas) is independent of your preferences for sensing, thinking,  intuition, and feeling. You can be an extraverted NT type, for instance,  or an introverted sensing and feeling type; that  is, an ENT or an ISF. The first letter of the four letter code, E or I, indi- cates your extraversion or introversion preference.
Extraverts tend to move quickly and try to influence situations directly, while introverts give themselves time to develop their insights before exposing them to the world.  Extraverts are happy  making  decisions in the thick of events, while introverts want  to reflect before taking  action.  Neither  preference necessarily makes better  decisions than  the other;  it simply represents  the style that  each is comfortable with.

Dominant and auxiliary processes
Although  we each favor certain  ways of being, one will dominate above the others.  Consider  NT types. Although  possessed of both  intuitive  and think- ing preferences,  if they find thinking  more attractive this becomes their dom- inant  process.  They may intuit  something  as being right,  but this must be confirmed  by objective thinking.  As thinking  is a process of judgment,  the final element in this person’s type is “Judgment.” They are ENTJs.  Other people’s final letter is P for “Perception,” indicating  their strong  desire to understand better.
The need for a dominant process to bring cohesion  to the self is perfectly understandable, but Jung went further  to suggest that  each person  also needs an “auxiliary” process. Introverts have extraversion as their auxiliary  so they can “put  on a public face” when necessary. Extraverts use introversion as their auxiliary  to take care of their inner lives. In both  cases, if the auxiliary  is little used, the person  lives in one extreme  and their life suffers accordingly. Briggs Myers noted  that  in our extravert-oriented society, there is a greater  penalty for introverts who do not develop their auxiliary  than  for extraverts who fail to take account  of inner things.
The aim of personality typing is to acquire  greater  powers  of perception and judgment,  which are both  assisted by the use of the auxiliary. Briggs Myers observes: “Perception without judgment  is spineless; judgment  with no perception is blind. Introversion lacking any extraversion is impractical; extraversion with no introversion is superficial.”

Better relationships through type awareness
The fact that  people don’t get along all the time suggests that  we don’t under- stand  or value the ways other  people see the world.  A thinker, for instance, will underrate a feeling type’s judgment,  because the thinker  cannot  under- stand  how the feeling type can come to good decisions without using logic. The thinker  makes this assumption because their own feelings are erratic  and unreliable.  But the feeling type has cultivated  their dominant process to such an extent  that  it delivers them good perceptions and judgments, even if it doesn’t do so for the thinker.
In the same way, because a sensing type must perceive and judge based on what  they see, hear, smell, and touch,  the views and conclusions  of an intuitive type, who just “knows” if something  is good or bad, seem incomprehensible. For the intuitive,  the sensing type seems to plod along without the “breath of life,” inspiration. To take another example:  Thinkers  think  that  feeling types talk too much. When thinkers  talk to someone  they want  information.
Therefore  if a feeling type wants  anything  from a thinker, they should  try to remember  to be concise.
In all these cases, what  each type fails to appreciate is that  the dominant process of another person  works,  and works  well. Trying to tell that  person that their perception or judgment  is wrong  is like telling grass that  it shouldn’t be green.

Dealing  with the types at work
In work  situations, if you have some idea of how your colleagues think,  you can expect to be more effective in getting your ideas accepted  and reduce any friction.  You would  know  that:
❖  With a sensing type you have to articulate the problem  very quickly before you can expect them to provide  a solution.
❖  Intuitives will only be interested  in helping if an enticing possibility  is dangled before them.
❖  Thinkers  need to know  what  sort of result they are looking  for and to have the situation explained  in a set of logical points.
❖  Feeling types will need to have the situation framed  in terms of what  it means to the people involved.

With all types, it is as well to remember  never to focus on the people involved, but to attack  the problem.  If we are aware  of each type’s contributions, there will be less conflict, less chance of loss of face, and a greater  opportunity for a perfect solution  to emerge.

Final comments
Isabel Briggs Myers’ lack of formal  psychology qualifications ensured  that  she was never fully accepted  by the psychological  establishment. Some have ques- tioned  whether  she interpreted Jung correctly,  and therefore  whether  the whole methodology for identifying  personality types is unsound. Jung himself was wary of applying  his general principles  to particular individuals,  and skeptics also claim that  the type explanations are too vague and could apply to anyone. Judge for yourself. You may find, if you take the test or a variant  of it, that  the description given of you is remarkably accurate.
On her own scale, Briggs Myers came out as an INFP (Introverted– Intuitive–Feeling–Perceiving). She noted  that  introverts often gain the most from doing the test. As three out of every four people are extraverted, and for every intuitive  there are three sensing types, we therefore  live in an “extravert’s world.” As a less common  type, introverts may, not surprisingly,  feel some pressure  to be something  they are not, and the MBTI allows them, perhaps  for the first time, to feel it is OK to be who they are.
One of the fascinating  insights in Gifts  Differing  is that  recognition and development of our type may be more important to success in life than  IQ. Isabel Briggs Myers’ view was that  personality type is as innate  as left- or right-handedness; anyone  who tries to be a right hander  when they are really a leftie is asking for stress and misery, whereas  going with our strengths  mas- sively increases our chances of fulfillment,  happiness,  and productivity.

Isabel  Briggs Myers
Born in 1897,  Briggs was schooled  at home  by her mother  in Washington DC. Her father, Lynam Briggs, was a physicist  and for over a decade was the direc- tor of the National Bureau of Standards. Isabel married Clarence Myers in 1918  and the following year graduated from  Swarthmore College with  a BA in political science.
Her tests of over 5,000  medical students  were conducted at the George Washington School of Medicine.  She followed up the study  12 years later, finding that the students  had generally followed paths (i.e. research, gen- eral practice, surgery, administration) that might  be expected  of their type. The nursing study  involved  more than 10,000 students.  The MBTI was first pub- lished in 1957  by the Educational  Testing  Service.
Isabel Briggs Myers died in 1980.  Her work  is continued today through  the Myers & Briggs Foundation.

Peter Briggs Myers, born in 1926, was a Rhodes  Scholar in physics. A scientific researcher and administrator, he was a staff director at the National Academy of Science. Involved in the development of the MBTI since his teens, he is now Chair of the Myers & Briggs Foundation and a Trustee of the Myers-Briggs Trust.

read more